Противопоказания для нити 3д

Ñåãîäíÿ ìû íåìíîãî ïîãîâîðèì î ïðè¸ìå ïåðåâîäà, êîòîðûé íàçûâàåòñÿ «Àíòîíèìè÷åñêèé ïåðåâîä». Ïåðåâîä÷èê, çàäåéñòâóþùèé äàííûé ïðè¸ì, âûïîëíÿåò çàìåíó óòâåðäèòåëüíîé ôîðìû îðèãèíàëà íà îòðèöàòåëüíóþ ôîðìó ïåðåâîäà èëè æå íàîáîðîò:

Everything is movement on the Internet. — Â Èíòåðíåòå íè÷òî íå ñòîèò íà ìåñòå.

Don’t move! — Ñòîÿòü!

Simmer down! — Íå êèïÿòèñü!

Íå çàêðûâàéòå ðîò. – Keep your mouth open.

Êàê îáû÷íî, ïîñò àäðåñîâàí íà÷èíàþùèì, ïîýòîìó îïûòíûå ïåðåâîä÷èêè ìîãóò åãî ñïîêîéíî ïðîïóñòèòü ëèáî æå ñðàçó ïåðåéòè ê çàâåðøàþùåé ÷àñòè, ãäå ñîáðàíû ïðèìåðû ðåàëüíûõ ïåðåâîäîâ.

Ïðè ïåðåâîäå ñ ðóññêîãî ÿçûêà íà àíãëèéñêèé äàííûé ïðèåì èñïîëüçóåòñÿ äîâîëüíî ÷àñòî, ÷òî îáúÿñíÿåòñÿ íå â ïîñëåäíþþ î÷åðåäü çíà÷èòåëüíûìè ðàçíîãëàñèÿìè óçóàëüíîãî õàðàêòåðà (ðàçëè÷èÿìè â íàèáîëåå óïîòðåáëÿåìûõ íîñèòåëÿìè ðóññêîãî è àíãëèéñêîãî ÿçûêîâ ñëîâàõ è ñèíòàêñè÷åñêèõ ñòðóêòóðàõ). Íî ïðåæäå ÷åì ïåðåéòè ê ðàçáîðó ïðèìåðîâ, ñëåäóåò îòäåëèòü îò àíòîíèìè÷åñêîãî ïåðåâîäà òî, ÷òî èì íå ÿâëÿåòñÿ, à èìåííî èñïîëüçîâàíèå ìíîæåñòâåííîãî îòðèöàíèÿ ðóññêîãî ÿçûêà äëÿ ïåðåäà÷è îäèíî÷íîãî îòðèöàíèÿ àíãëèéñêîãî ÿçûêà.

Êàê èçâåñòíî, â ñîâðåìåííîì àíãëèéñêîì ÿçûêå äâîéíîå îòðèöàíèå õîòÿ è âîçìîæíî, íî ëåæèò çà ïðåäåëàìè ëèòåðàòóðíîé íîðìû.  ñâî¸ âðåìÿ (â ñðåäíåàíãëèéñêîì ÿçûêå) ìíîæåñòâåííîå îòðèöàíèå áûëî â øèðîêîì õîäó è, ïî áîëüøîìó ñ÷åòó, íè÷åì íå îòëè÷àëîñü îò ðóññêîãî; ïðè÷èíû åãî èñ÷åçíîâåíèÿ ëèíãâèñòàì ïîíÿòíû íå ñîâñåì, íî ðå÷ü ñåé÷àñ íå îá ýòîì. Îñîáåííîñòüþ ïîäîáíîãî îòðèöàíèÿ ÿâëÿåòñÿ òî, ÷òî ñêîëüêî áû îòðèöàòåëüíûõ ÷àñòèö/ïðèñòàâîê âî ôðàçå íå áûëî, îíè íå îòðèöàþò äðóã äðóãà ïî ïðèíöèïó «ìèíóñ íà ìèíóñ äà¸ò ïëþñ», à âçàèìîäîïîëíÿþò è óñèëèâàþò:

ß ýòîãî íèêîìó íå ïîêàæó.

Íèêòî íå ëó÷øå íàñ.

Îò ìåíÿ íèêòî íèêîãäà íè÷åãî íå óñëûøèò.

Íèêîãäà åù¸ íàøà çåìëÿ íå äàâàëà òàêèõ óðîæàåâ.

Îí íèêîãäà è íèãäå íèêîìó íå ñïåë íè ïåñíè.

 àíãëèéñêîì ÿçûêå ïîäîáíûå êîíñòðóêöèè, âîîáùå ãîâîðÿ, íåâîçìîæíû, è â êàæäîì ïðåäëîæåíèè èñïîëüçóåòñÿ òîëüêî îäíî îòðèöàòåëüíîå ñëîâî, çíà÷åíèå êîòîðîãî ðàñïðîñòðàíÿåòñÿ íà âñ¸ ïðåäëîæåíèå.

I’m not going to show that to anyone (èëè, êàê âàðèàíò — I’m going to show that to no one).

Nobody is better than us.

No one will ever hear anything from me.

Never has our soil been more productive.

He has never sung a single song anywhere before anyone (èëè, êàê ñòèëèñòè÷åñêè îêðàøåííûé âàðèàíò — Nowhere has he ever sung a song before anyone).

Èìåííî ïîýòîìó ïðè ïåðåâîäå ïîäîáíûõ êîíñòðóêöèé ñ àíãëèéñêîãî íà ðóññêèé îá àíòîíèìè÷åñêîì ïåðåâîäå ãîâîðèòü íå ïðèõîäèòñÿ: íåñìîòðÿ íà êàæóùååñÿ óâåëè÷åíèå ÷èñëà ÷àñòèö «íå», «ðàñêðûòèå ñèíòàêñè÷åñêèõ ñêîáîê» ïîêàçûâàåò, ÷òî îòðèöàíèå â îáîèõ ñëó÷àÿõ îäíî.

He has never (sung a single song anywhere before anyone).

Îí íè- («-êîãäà» è «-ãäå» ñïåë ïåñíþ «-êîìó«).

Âïðî÷åì, è îñîáûõ ñëîæíîñòåé ïðè ïåðåâîäå òàêèõ êîíñòðóêöèé, êàê ïðàâèëî, íå âîçíèêàåò äàæå ó íà÷èíàþùèõ ïåðåâîä÷èêîâ: ïðè äîñëîâíîì ïåðåâîäå íàðóøåíèå ñèíòàêñèñà ÷óâñòâóåòñÿ ìîìåíòàëüíî. (Ïî÷åìó ýòîãî ÿâíîãî íàðóøåíèÿ íå ïî÷óâñòâîâàëè òå, êòî â ñâî¸ âðåìÿ ïðåäëîæèë äëÿ ÷àñòåé ìàòåðèàëüíî-òåõíè÷åñêîãî îáåñïå÷åíèÿ Âîîðóæåííûõ ñèë ÐÔ äåâèç «Íèêòî ëó÷øå íàñ«, íàïîìèíàþùèé ãóãëîïåðåâîä ñ àíãëèéñêîãî, îñòà¸òñÿ òîëüêî ãàäàòü).

Ïðè «íàñòîÿùåì» àíòîíèìè÷åñêîì ïåðåâîäå èìååò ìåñòî òðàíñôîðìàöèÿ èíîãî ðîäà, ïðè êîòîðîé «áàëàíñ îòðèöàíèé» íå ñõîäèòñÿ ïðè òîì, ÷òî ñìûñë óòâåðæäåíèÿ îñòà¸òñÿ ïðåæíèì. Àíòîíèìè÷åñêèé ïåðåâîä, êàê è ìíîãèå äðóãèå ïðè¸ìû ïåðåâîäà, ìîæíî (äëÿ óäîáñòâà îáúÿñíåíèÿ) óñëîâíî ðàçäåëèòü íà «ñëàáûé», «óçóàëüíûé» è «ñèëüíûé».

I.

I am not hungry. — ß ñûò.

Stop eating! — But I still want some more. — Õâàòèò åñòü! — Íî ÿ åùå íå íàåëñÿ.

Danger! High voltage! — Íå âëåçàé, óáü¸ò!

Freeze! — Íå øåâåëèñü!

Cheer up! — Íå âåøàé íîñ! (Íå ïàäàé äóõîì!)

Keep moving! — Íå îñòàíàâëèâàéòåñü!

You shouldn’t have done this. — Çðÿ òû ýòî ñäåëàë.

 äàííîì ñëó÷àå íè÷åãî, êðîìå íåîáõîäèìîñòè àäàïòàöèè ïåðåâîäà ïîä êàêèå-òî êîíêðåòíûå öåëè òåì èëè èíûì íàáîðîì ñòèëèñòè÷åñêèõ ñðåäñòâ, íå ìåøàåò ïåðåâîä÷èêó ïåðåâåñòè òàê:

I am not hungry. — ß íå ãîëîäåí (ß íå õî÷ó åñòü).

But I still want some more. — Íî ÿ õî÷ó åùå (Íî ÿ õî÷ó äîáàâêè).

Danger! High voltage! — Îñòîðîæíî, âûñîêîå íàïðÿæåíèå!

Freeze! — Ñòîÿòü!

Cheer up! — Âûøå ãîëîâó! (Äåðæèñü!)

Keep moving! — Äâèãàéòåñü äàëüøå! (Èäèòå-èäèòå!)

You shouldn’t have done this. — Íå íóæíî áûëî òåáå ýòîãî äåëàòü.

Òàêèì îáðàçîì, çäåñü ìû èìååì ïðèìåð «ñëàáîãî» àíòîíèìè÷åñêîãî ïåðåâîäà, êîãäà áåç íåãî âïîëíå ìîæíî îáîéòèñü. Íî òàêîå âîçìîæíî íå âñåãäà.

II.

No parking. — Ïàðêîâêà çàïðåùåíà.

Keep off the grass. — Ïî ãàçîíàì íå õîäèòü.

Exit only. — Âõîäà íåò.

The cash machine is out of order/out of service. — Áàíêîìàò íå ðàáîòàåò.

Çäåñü, êàê è â ïðåäûäóùåì ñëó÷àå, ñèíòàêñèñ ðóññêîãî ÿçûêà íå çàïðåùàåò íàì ïåðåâåñòè «No parking» êàê «Íå ïàðêîâàòüñÿ», «Keep off the grass» — êàê «Äåðæèòåñü ïîäàëüøå îò òðàâû», à «Exit only» — êàê «Òîëüêî âûõîä», íî çäåñü ìû ñòàëêèâàåìñÿ ñ îãðàíè÷åíèÿìè óçóàëüíîãî õàðàêòåðà: â îòëè÷èå îò ñòàíäàðòíûõ ÿçûêîâûõ ôîðìóë âðîäå «Ïî ãàçîíàì íå õîäèòü» ýòè àëüòåðíàòèâíûå âàðèàíòû â ðóññêîì ÿçûêå ïðîñòî-íàïðîñòî íå ðàñïðîñòðàíåíû íàñòîëüêî, ÷òîáû ïîäîáíûé ïåðåâîä ìîã ðàñöåíèâàòüñÿ êàê àäåêâàòíûé, âûçûâàþùèé ó íîñèòåëÿ ÿçûêà ïåðåâîäà òó æå ðåàêöèþ, ÷òî ó íîñèòåëÿ ÿçûêà îðèãèíàëà. Ýòî — íå ÷òî èíîå, êàê «óçóàëüíûé» àíòîíèìè÷åñêèé ïåðåâîä. Îí òðåáóåò îò ïåðåâîä÷èêà íàèáîëüøåãî âíèìàíèÿ è íåîáõîäèìîñòè îñíîâàòåëüíî çíàòü ìíîæåñòâî ãîòîâûõ ÿçûêîâûõ øàáëîíîâ. Ñ äðóãîé ñòîðîíû, â ñëó÷àå õîðîøåãî çíàíèÿ ýòèõ øàáëîíîâ íåîáõîäèìîñòè çàäóìûâàòüñÿ êîíêðåòíî îá àíòîíèìè÷åñêîì ïåðåâîäå ïðîñòî íå âîçíèêàåò — ïåðåâîä÷èê ïîäñòàâëÿåò èçâåñòíóþ ãîòîâóþ ôðàçó è íà ýòîì ìîæåò ñ÷èòàòü ýòó ÷àñòü ïåðåâîäà âûïîëíåííîé.

III.

This gum is free of sugar. — Ýòà æåâàòåëüíàÿ ðåçèíêà íå ñîäåðæèò ñàõàðà.

 äàííîì ñëó÷àå îãðàíè÷åíèÿ èñïîëüçóåìûõ â ïåðåâîäå ñèíòàêñè÷åñêèõ ñòðóêòóð åù¸ æåñò÷å: âûðàæåíèå «Ñâîáîäíà îò ñàõàðà» ëåæàò çà ïðåäåëàìè ëèòåðàòóðíîé íîðìû. Ýòî è åñòü òàê íàçûâàåìûé «ñèëüíûé» ñëó÷àé àíòîíèìè÷åñêîãî ïåðåâîäà.

Òàêæå ê ýòîé êàòåãîðèè ìîæíî ïðè÷èñëèòü ðàçíîãî ðîäà ïîñëîâèöû, ïîãîâîðêè è ôðàçåîëîãèçìû, ïîëîæèòåëüíîé ôîðìå îðèãèíàëà êîòîðûõ ñîîòâåòñòâóåò îòðèöàòåëüíàÿ ôîðìà ïåðåâîäà, è íàîáîðîò:

Barking dogs seldom bite. – Íå áîéñÿ ñîáàêè áðåõëèâîé, à áîéñÿ ìîë÷àëèâîé.

Every cloud has a silver lining. — Íåò õóäà áåç äîáðà.

To keep up with the Joneses. – Ñòàðàòüñÿ íå îòñòàâàòü îò ñîñåäåé.

A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush. – Çà äâóìÿ çàéöàìè ïîãîíèøüñÿ – íè îäíîãî íå ïîéìàåøü.

When in Rome do as the Romans do. –  ÷óæîé ìîíàñòûðü ñî ñâîèì óñòàâîì íå õîäÿò.

Put your hand no further than your sleeve will reach. – Ïî îä¸æêå ïðîòÿãèâàé íîæêè.

There’s no I in team. – ß – ïîñëåäíÿÿ áóêâà â àëôàâèòå.

Íà ãðàíèöå ìåæäó êàòåãîðèÿìè íàõîäÿòñÿ àíãëèéñêèå ïðåäëîæåíèÿ ñ äâóìÿ èäóùèìè ïîäðÿä îòðèöàíèÿìè, êîòîðûå — êàê ðàç ïî òîé ïðè÷èíå, ÷òî ìíîæåñòâåííîå îòðèöàíèå, ïîäîáíîå ðóññêîìó, â àíãëèéñêîì íå ÿâëÿåòñÿ íîðìîé — âçàèìíî óíè÷òîæàþò äðóã äðóãà è íà ðóññêèé ïåðåäàþòñÿ, êàê ïðàâèëî, ïîëîæèòåëüíûìè ôîðìàìè. Îòëè÷èòåëüíîé îñîáåííîñòüþ òàêèõ êîíñòðóêöèé ÿâëÿåòñÿ òî, ÷òî â àíãëèéñêîì îðèãèíàëå äâîéíîå îòðèöàíèå íå ïðîñòî ðàáîòàåò ïî ïðèíöèïó «ìèíóñ íà ìèíóñ äàåò ïëþñ», à âíîñèò â ïðåäëîæåíèå íåêèé íîâûé îòòåíîê ñìûñëà, ñìÿã÷àÿ êàòåãîðè÷íîñòü âûñêàçûâàíèÿ, è ýòî îáÿçàòåëüíî ñëåäóåò ïåðåäàòü â ïåðåâîäå.

It’s not uncommon to see a short-beaked garfish in this part of Pacific ocean. —  ýòîé ÷àñòè Òèõîãî îêåàíà äîâîëüíî ÷àñòî ìîæíî âñòðåòèòü òóïîðûëîãî ïîëóðûëà.

They’re not unwilling to hear the truth. — Îíè äîâîëüíî-òàêè îõîòíî âûñëóøàþò ïðàâäó.

(Ñðàâíèì: They’re willing to hear the truth. — Îíè îõîòíî âûñëóøàþò ïðàâäó).

She is not unworthy of your attention. — Îíà âïîëíå äîñòîéíà âàøåãî âíèìàíèÿ.

(Ñðàâíèì: She is worthy of your attention. — Îíà äîñòîéíà âàøåãî âíèìàíèÿ).

Ðàçóìååòñÿ, íàäî îòäàâàòü ñåáå îò÷¸ò, ÷òî ãðàíèöû ìåæäó âûäåëåííûìè âûøå êàòåãîðèÿìè äîâîëüíî óñëîâíû è ïðîâåñòè èõ ìîæíî íå âñåãäà. Ðàññìîòðèì, íàïðèìåð, òàêèå ôðàçû:

Do you give a shit? — Òåáå íå íàñðàòü?

I don’t give a shit. — Ìíå íàñðàòü.

Õîòÿ äàííîå âûðàæåíèå ñ ñîõðàíåíèåì «îáðàçíîãî ðÿäà» îðèãèíàëà ïåðåâåñòè áåç àíòîíèìè÷åñêîãî ïåðåâîäà ïðåäñòàâëÿåòñÿ çàòðóäíèòåëüíûì, áîëåå «ìÿãêèé» âàðèàíò âûðàæåíèÿ «I don’t give a shit», à èìåííî «I don’t care» ìîæíî ïåðåâåñòè êàê «Ìíå âñå ðàâíî», òàê è «Ìåíÿ íå âîëíóåò», à áîëåå «æåñòêèé», «I don’t give a fuck» — êàê «Ìíå ïîõóé», òàê è «Ìåíÿ íå åá¸ò». À åñëè âñïîìíèòü, ÷òî îäíîçíà÷íîãî ñîîòâåòñòâèÿ ìåæäó ðóññêîé è àíãëèéñêîé áðàíüþ íå ñóùåñòâóåò, êàæäîå èç ýòèõ òð¸õ àíãëèéñêèõ âûðàæåíèé â çàâèñèìîñòè îò òåõ èëè èíûõ ñòîÿùèõ ïåðåä ïåðåâîä÷èêîì çàäà÷ âïîëíå ìîæíî ïåðåâåñòè ëþáûì èç ïðåäëîæåííûõ ðóññêèõ.

Äëÿ ïîíèìàíèÿ òîãî, íàñêîëüêî âàæíî óìåòü ïîëüçîâàòüñÿ àíòîíèìè÷åñêèì ïåðåâîäîì, ðàçáåð¸ì äâå õàðàêòåðíûå ïåðåâîä÷åñêèå îøèáêè.

1. Õàðàêòåðíà äëÿ íà÷èíàþùèõ ïåðåâîä÷èêîâ / ïåðåâîä÷èêîâ-ëþáèòåëåé è ðàñïðîñòðàíåíà â íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ èñêëþ÷èòåëüíî øèðîêî, ÷òî îáúÿñíÿåòñÿ êàê êîëè÷åñòâîì ýòèõ ñàìûõ ëþáèòåëåé, òàê è ÷ðåçâû÷àéíîé ÷àñòîòíîñòüþ ïåðåâîäèìîãî èìè àíãëèéñêîãî îáîðîòà. Ðå÷ü èä¸ò îá èñïîëüçîâàíèè ïðåâîñõîäíîé ñòåïåíè ïðèëàãàòåëüíîãî (best, worst, the most delicious è ò.ä) â ñî÷åòàíèè ñ íàðå÷èåì ever. Ïîäíèìèòå ðóêè òå, êòî íèêîãäà ðàíüøå íå ñëûøàë ïîäîáíîãî óíûëîãî ïëàñòìàññîâîãî ïåðåâîäà â ñàìîäåÿòåëüíîé îçâó÷êå ôèëüìîâ èëè âèäåîðîëèêîâ ïîïóëÿðíûõ âèäåîáëîããåðîâ:

This was the best movie I’ve ever seen. — Ýòî ëó÷øèé ôèëüì, êîòîðûé ÿ êîãäà-ëèáî ñìîòðåë.

That is the worst chick flick ever shown in theaters. — Ýòî õóäøàÿ êàðòèíà äëÿ äåâóøåê, êîòîðóþ êîãäà-ëèáî ïîêàçûâàëè â êèíîòåàòðàõ.

This is the coolest outfit I’ve ever had on! — Ýòî ñàìûé óëåòíûé ïðèêèä, êîòîðûé ÿ êîãäà-ëèáî íîñèë (äà-äà, èìåííî òàê. Ìåæäó äåëîì ãîâîðÿ, òàêîå âûðâèãëàçíîå ñî÷åòàíèå ñòèëåé äëÿ ïåðåâîä÷èêà — âñå ðàâíî ÷òî êðàñíûé òåêñò íà ñèíåì ôîíå äëÿ äèçàéíåðà).

This is the most delicious meal I’ve ever eaten. — Ýòî ñàìîå âêóñíîå áëþäî, êîòîðîå ÿ êîãäà-ëèáî åë.

The hotel had the dirtiest floors I’ve ever walked on. — Â òîé ãîñòèíèöå áûëè ñàìûå ãðÿçíûå ïîëû, ïî êîòîðûì ÿ êîãäà-ëèáî õîäèë.

«Ëåñ ðóê». Óâû, íî èìåííî òàê — çà ïîñëåäíèå ãîäû óñèëèÿìè þíûõ ýíòóçèàñòîâ äàííûé îáîðîò óñïåë ïðèæèòüñÿ íàñòîëüêî, ÷òî óæå âîñïðèíèìàåòñÿ åäâà ëè íå êàê íîðìà, â òî âðåìÿ êàê ðàç ÿâëÿåòñÿ íàðóøåíèåì óçóàëüíîé íîðìû. Ïîëüçóÿñü ñëó÷àåì, õî÷ó îáðàòèòüñÿ ê íà÷èíàþùèì ïåðåâîä÷èêàì: óâàæàåìûå êîëëåãè, õâàòèò âîçíîñèòü áîãó ïåðåâîäà æåðòâó â âèäå ñëîâà «êîãäà-ëèáî» ïî êàæäîìó óäîáíîìó ïîâîäó! Ýòî ñëîâî â ðóññêîì ÿçûêå ïðàêòè÷åñêè íèêîãäà íå èñïîëüçóåòñÿ â ðàçãîâîðíîé ðå÷è (âñïîìíèòå, êîãäà âû ñàìè åãî óïîòðåáëÿëè â ðàçãîâîðå?) è äîñòîéíî òîãî, ÷òîáû åãî óïîòðåáëÿëè, òàê ñêàçàòü, «â îñîáî òîðæåñòâåííûõ ñëó÷àÿõ», à íå óñíàùàëè èì ðå÷ü êàæäîãî âñòðå÷íîãî áëîããåðà èëè êèíîãåðîÿ. Ïåðåâîä äàííîãî îáîðîòà ïðàêòè÷åñêè âñåãäà áóäåò àíòîíèìè÷åñêèì, à âûáîð êîíêðåòíûõ ñèíòàêñè÷åñêèõ ñðåäñòâ äëÿ âûðàæåíèÿ ýòîé àíòîíèìèè çàâèñèò òîëüêî îò ïåðåâîä÷èêà: âåëèêèé è ìîãó÷èé äà¸ò íàì äëÿ ýòîãî ìàññó âîçìîæíîñòåé. Ïîëüçóéòåñü èìè!

Ëó÷øåãî ôèëüìà ÿ â æèçíè íå ñìîòðåë.

Õóæå ôèëüìà äëÿ äåâóøåê, ÷åì ýòîò, â êèíî åù¸ íå ïîêàçûâàëè.

Íèêîãäà åù¸ òàêîãî óë¸òíîãî ïðèêèäà íå òàñêàë!

Åë âêóñíûå áëþäà, íî òàêîãî — íèêîãäà!

Ïîëû â òîé ãîñòèíèöå áûëè íàñòîëüêî ãðÿçíûå, ÷òî äàæå ñðàâíèòü íå ñ ÷åì.

Èíîãäà ðàçíèöó â êà÷åñòâå ïåðåâîäà ìîæíî, ÷òî íàçûâàåòñÿ, óâèäåòü âîî÷èþ.  4-é ñåðèè ïåðâîãî ñåçîíà ñåðèàëà «Âî âñå òÿæêèå» Õýíê, âûñòóïàÿ ïåðåä ñîòðóäíèêàìè ÓÁÍ, ïðîèçíîñèò ñëåäóþùóþ ôðàçó:

…they come back, they tell us it is the purest meth they’ve ever seen.

Ïåðåâîä÷èêàì èç ñòóäèè «Êóáèê â êóáå» ïðî àçû ïðîôåññèè, ðàçóìååòñÿ, ðàññêàçûâàòü íå íóæíî, ïîýòîìó â îçâó÷êå ìû ñëûøèì âïîëíå àäåêâàòíóþ ðóññêóþ ðå÷ü:

…ïîñëå àíàëèçà îíè ñêàçàëè, ÷òî áîëåå ÷èñòîãî ìåòà îíè â æèçíè íå âèäàëè.

Îäíàêî ê ñåðèè ïðèëàãàþòñÿ åù¸ è ñóáòèòðû íåèçâåñòíîãî ïðîèñõîæäåíèÿ, â êîòîðûõ íàøèì ãëàçàì ïðåäñòàåò äî áîëè çíàêîìûé êàðòîííûé «ïåðåâîä÷åñêèé ÿçûê»:

…è òàì ñêàçàëè, ÷òî ýòî ñàìûé ÷èñòûé ìåòàìôåòàìèí, êîòîðûé îíè êîãäà-ëèáî âèäåëè.

Äóìàþ, êîììåíòàðèè èçëèøíè.

2. Îøèáêà, êîòîðàÿ ñðàâíèòåëüíî ìàëîèçâåñòíà èç-çà ìàëîðàñïðîñòðàí¸ííîñòè ïåðåâîäèìîãî îáîðîòà as any. Èç-çà ðåäêîñòè ýòîé êîíñòðóêöèè (áîëåå óïîòðåáèòåëüíûìè ÿâëÿþòñÿ than any, than ever è ò.ä) îíà è áîëåå êîâàðíà — æåðòâîé å¸ ìîæåò ñòàòü êàê è ëþáèòåëü, òàê è ïðîôåññèîíàë, ïðèíÿâøèé å¸ çà ñðàâíèòåëüíóþ. Íà ñàìîì äåëå êîíñòðóêöèÿ as any ÿâëÿåòñÿ ìíèìî-ñðàâíèòåëüíîé è âûðàæàåò íå ðàâåíñòâî, à ïðåâîñõîäíóþ ñòåïåíü êà÷åñòâà è ìîæåò áûòü ïåðåäàíà, â ÷àñòíîñòè, ñ ïîìîùüþ àíòîíèìè÷åñêîãî ïåðåâîäà.

This cell-phone is as cheap as any other phone.

Ïðàâèëüíûì ïåðåâîäîì áóäåò íå «Ýòîò ñîòîâûé òåëåôîí òàêîé æå äåøåâûé, êàê ëþáîé äðóãîé», à «Äåøåâëå ýòîãî òåëåôîíà íå íàéòè» èëè «Ýòî (åäâà ëè íå) ñàìûé äåøåâûé ñîòîâûé òåëåôîí». Åù¸ ïðèìåðû:

He was as free-handed a young fellow as any in the army (èç Ó. Òåêêåðåÿ «ßðìàðêà òùåñëàâèÿ»). — Ùåäðåå ÷åëîâåêà, ÷åì îí, íå áûëî âî âñåé àðìèè.

I can shoot as quick and straight as anybody can (èç ëèðèêè Äæîííè Êýøà). — Íåò áîëåå áûñòðîãî è ìåòêîãî ñòðåëêà, ÷åì ÿ. (Òàê áûñòðî è ìåòêî, êàê ÿ, áîëüøå íèêòî íå ñòðåëÿåò).

Íàïîñëåäîê – ïðèìåðû èç ðåàëüíîé ïåðåâîä÷åñêîé ïðàêòèêè, äåìîíñòðèðóþùèå, íàñêîëüêî ðàçíîîáðàçíûå ñèíòàêñè÷åñêèå ñðåäñòâà ðóññêîãî ÿçûêà ìîãóò áûòü èñïîëüçîâàíû â ñëó÷àå àíòîíèìè÷åñêîãî ïåðåâîäà. Ïðåäóïðåæäàÿ âîïðîñû íà òåìó òîãî, ïî÷åìó òî èëè èíîå ïðåäëîæåíèå îòíåñåíî ê òîé èëè èíîé êàòåãîðèè, ñêàæó ñðàçó — ðàçäåëåíèå íà êàòåãîðèè, êîíå÷íî, äîâîëüíî îòíîñèòåëüíîå è âûïîëíåíî ïî ñëåäóþùåìó ïðèíöèïó: òå ïðåäëîæåíèÿ, ãäå, íà ìîé âçãëÿä, çàìåíà àíòîíèìè÷åñêîìó ïåðåâîäó «ëåæèò íà ïîâåðõíîñòè», îòíåñåíû â ïåðâóþ ãðóïïó; òå, ãäå çàìåíà áóäåò ðåçàòü ãëàç — âî âòîðóþ; òå, ãäå çàìåíû íå ïðîñìàòðèâàåòñÿ â ïðèíöèïå — â òðåòüþ.

I. «Ñëàáûé».

1.In his early teen years he began to develop interesting devices.

Ñâîè ïåðâûå çàíÿòíûå óñòðîéñòâà îí íà÷àë ìàñòåðèòü, êîãäà åìó åù¸ íå áûëî ÷åòûðíàäöàòè (= òîëüêî-òîëüêî ñòàâ ïîäðîñòêîì, â ðàííåì ïîäðîñòêîâîì âîçðàñòå).

2. The bomb will be detonated only if all predetermined requirements are met, including weather condition.

 ñëó÷àå, åñëè íå áóäóò âûïîëíåíû êàêèå-ëèáî èç íåîáõîäèìûõ óñëîâèé, â òîì ÷èñëå è ïîãîäíûå, âçðûâ íå ñîñòîèòñÿ (= âçðûâ ñîñòîèòñÿ òîëüêî â òîì ñëó÷àå, åñëè áóäóò…)

3. And remember: whatever you are, whatever you do, wherever you may go, you are an American soldier.

È íå çàáûâàéòå: âíå çàâèñèìîñòè îò ðîäà âîéñê, âûïîëíÿåìûõ çàäà÷ è ìåñòà äèñëîêàöèè âû — àìåðèêàíñêèé ñîëäàò (= è ïîìíèòå: ãäå áû âû...)

4. What is Wizard Rock? — Well, it’s pretty self-explanatory, it is rock music about Harry Potter book series and wizardry that goes on about.

×òî òàêîå «Ìàãè÷åñêèé ðîê»? — Íó, íàçâàíèå îáúÿñíåíèé íå òðåáóåò — ýòî ðîê, â êîòîðîì ïåñíè ïîñâÿùåíû ñþæåòàì èç êíèã î ìèðå Ãàððè Ïîòòåðà è ìàãèè, êîòîðàÿ ïðîíèçûâàåò ýòîò ìèð (= íàçâàíèå ãîâîðèò ñàìî çà ñåáÿ).

5. Tears may be a social mechanism to elicit sympathy or show submission.

Íå èñêëþ÷åíî, ÷òî ñëåçàìè ÷åëîâåê äîáèâàåòñÿ ñî÷óâñòâèÿ èëè äåìîíñòðèðóåò ïîêîðíîñòü (= âîçìîæíî, âåðîÿòíî).

6. In the Mediterranean replenishment anchorages provide logistics support within international obligations.

 Ñðåäèçåìíîì ìîðå ôóíêöèîíèðóåò ðÿä ÿêîðíûõ ñòîÿíîê, îáåñïå÷èâàþùèõ ñíàáæåíèå êîðàáëåé âñåõ íåîáõîäèìûì áåç íàðóøåíèÿ ìåæäóíàðîäíûõ ñîãëàøåíèé (~ â ðàìêàõ ìåæäóíàðîäíûõ ñîãëàøåíèé).

7. Assembly line technique cut engine change time from three days to less than half a day.

Áëàãîäàðÿ âíåäðåíèþ êîíâåéåðíîãî ïðèíöèïà ðàáîòû çàìåíà äâèãàòåëÿ, íà êîòîðóþ ðàíåå óõîäèëî òðîå ñóòîê, òåïåðü òðåáîâàëà íå áîëåå 12 ÷àñîâ (= ìåíåå).

8. Engineer must be as good with the pencil and paper as a surgeon with a knife, and as it happens, it takes him just about as long as it takes a doctor to qualify.

 ïðîôåññèè èíæåíåðà óìåíèå îáðàùàòüñÿ ñ êàðàíäàøîì è áóìàãîé íå ìåíåå âàæíî, ÷åì äëÿ õèðóðãà — óìåíèå ðàáîòàòü ñêàëüïåëåì, è ïîýòîìó îñâîåíèå ïðîôåññèè çàíèìàåò ó èíæåíåðà âðåìåíè íå ìåíüøå, ÷åì ïîëíîöåííîå îáó÷åíèå íà âðà÷à (= ñòîëü æå âàæíî; ñòîëüêî æå âðåìåíè).

II. «Óçóàëüíûé».

1. This fighter’s sacrifice has a meaning.

Ýòîò áîåö ïîãèá íå íàïðàñíî.

2. British farming is today more highly organized, more efficient and more mechanized than ever before in its history.

Ñòåïåíü ìåõàíèçàöèè ôåðìåðñêèõ õîçÿéñòâ Âåëèêîáðèòàíèè, êà÷åñòâî îðãàíèçàöèè ðàáîò, à òàêæå óðîâåíü ïðîèçâîäèòåëüíîñòè äîñòèãëè ïîêàçàòåëåé, ðàâíûõ êîòîðûì íå áûëî åù¸ íèêîãäà.

3. This is a continuing job, this business of testing.

Äëÿ èñïûòàòåëåé èõ ðàáîòà íå çíàåò ïåðåðûâîâ.

4. The sharpening shops were kept working at top speed night and day to maintain the steady supply.

×òîáû îáåñïå÷èòü áåñïåðåáîéíîå ñíàáæåíèå èíñòðóìåíòîì, íè äíåì, íè íî÷üþ íè íà ìèíóòó íå îñòàíàâëèâàëè ñâîþ ðàáîòó òî÷èëüíûå öåõà.

5. So the guns must be mounted on tanks of the same mobility and having the same protection as those attacking them.

Ýòî îáóñëàâëèâàåò íåîáõîäèìîñòü óñòàíîâêè îðóäèé íà òàíêàõ, êîòîðûå íå óñòóïàþò òàíêàì ïðîòèâíèêà â ïîäâèæíîñòè è áðîíåçàùèùåííîñòè.

6. Builders must be aware at all time of the dangers connected with their work.

Ðàáî÷èå íå äîëæíû íè íà ñåêóíäó çàáûâàòü, ÷òî ñòðîéïëîùàäêà — çîíà ïîâûøåííîé îïàñíîñòè.

7. They can relax with a free mind because others are always on the alert.

Ýòîò ìèðíûé îòäûõ èì îáåñïå÷èâàþò òå, êòî íå ñìûêàåò ãëàç íè äíåì, íè íî÷üþ.

III. «Ñèëüíûé».

1. First of New York’s great bridges still defies the ravages of wear and time.

Íàä ïåðâûì â ðÿäó çíàìåíèòûõ íüþ-éîðêñêèõ ìîñòîâ è ïî ñåé äåíü íå âëàñòíî ðàçðóøèòåëüíîå äûõàíèå âðåìåíè.

2. Supernatural phenomena like spirits or ghosts still escape detection.

Ñâåðõúåñòåñòâåííûå ÿâëåíèÿ íàïîäîáèå äóõîâ èëè ïðèçðàêîâ ïî-ïðåæíåìó íå ïîääàþòñÿ îáíàðóæåíèþ.

Îòäåëüíî âûäåëþ ïðåäëîæåíèÿ, â êîòîðûõ àíòîíèìè÷åñêèé ïåðåâîä ñîïðîâîæäàåòñÿ ïîëíûì èçìåíåíèåì ñèíòàêñè÷åñêîé ñòðóêòóðû âûñêàçûâàíèÿ, è îòíåñòè åãî ê òîé èëè èíîé êàòåãîðèè çàòðóäíèòåëüíî, ïîòîìó ÷òî äëÿ ýòîãî íóæíî ïðåäâàðèòåëüíî âûÿñíèòü, âîçìîæíî ëè âûïîëíèòü àäåêâàòíûé ïåðåâîä áåç èñïîëüçîâàíèÿ àíòîíèìèè.

1. Soviet sea power progresses in a pattern which recognizes all elements of maritime power. Warships are just one part; what emerges, is a collective national force.

ÑÑÑÐ íå ïðîñòî íàðàùèâàåò ìîðñêîå ïðèñóòñòâèå, à ïðåâðàùàåòñÿ â ïîëíîöåííóþ ìîðñêóþ äåðæàâó, ìîùü êîòîðîé ñëàãàåòñÿ íå òîëüêî èç âîåííûõ êîðàáëåé, íî èç âñåõ êîðàáëåé, âõîäÿùèõ â ñîñòàâ ôëîòà ñòðàíû.

2. It was long enough for American mass production to fill our army’s first tank requirements and have some left for our allies.

Àìåðèêàíñêîå ìàññîâîå ïðîèçâîäñòâî óñïåëî çà ýòîò ñðîê íå òîëüêî ñíàáäèòü àðìèþ êîëè÷åñòâîì òàíêîâ, îãîâîðåííûì â ïåðâûõ çàêàçàõ, íî è ïîñòàâèòü ñâåðõ ýòîãî òàíêè ñîþçíèêàì.

3. The pipe must be painted white, otherwise the hot sun will make the iron too hot to work on.

Äëÿ òîãî, ÷òîáû âî âðåìÿ ðàáîòû ñòàëüíàÿ òðóáà íå ðàñêàëÿëàñü îò ñîëíöà, å¸ ïîêðûâàþò áåëîé êðàñêîé.

4. Nature has a way of holding out her bounty, then snatching it away. All to quickly it is gone.

Íå ïîòðóäèñü ìû ñîáðàòü äàðû ïðèðîäû, îíà îòáåð¸ò èõ ó íàñ, è íå óñïååì ìû îãëÿíóòüñÿ, êàê èõ óæå íå áóäåò.

Íà ýòîì íà ñåãîäíÿ âñ¸. Íàäåþñü, ýòîò ìàòåðèàë îêàçàëñÿ äëÿ âàñ ïîëåçíûì. Ãîëîñóéòå çà ïîñò, åñëè ñ÷èòàåòå, ÷òî ïîñòû íà ïîäîáíóþ òåìó íóæíû, îñòàâëÿéòå ñâîè ìíåíèÿ â êîììåíòàðèÿõ. Êîíñòðóêòèâíàÿ êðèòèêà ïðèâåòñòâóåòñÿ.